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Two types of cells can be differentiated in the basal layer of the skin. One of these types of cells is a 'slow cycling cell', designated as a stem cell that gives way to the more rapid cells. The second type of cell is a 'quick cycling cell', which is designated as a transit amplifying cell. This second type of cell is destined to achieve terminal specialization and leave the basal layer after a few rounds of cellular division. 'Keratinocytes' have the highest capacity contained by a single cell to reproduce independently. These form a colony in the human follicle, located in the region directly under the bulge (the entire permanent section of the follicle, under the sebaceous glands).

Although it is thought that stem cells divide infrequently in an undamaged epidermis, they are the cells that are capable of continued proliferation, in response to a stimulus such as wounding.

Glycoconjugates: Help achieve the correct equilibrium between the synthesis and degradation of important structural elements such as collagen and elastin, working toward a cure for damaged skin.

Collagenase: Enzymes that catalyze the degradation of collagen and gelatin.

Gelatinase activity: A protease that starts the hydrolytic rupture of proteins, normally by splitting them into polypeptide chains. These are involved in early tissue repair and in extensive tissue remodeling. Various types of matrix metalloproteinases (collagenase and gelatinase enzymes) are specifically expressed or activated at different periods of the skin regeneration process. These variations resolve the presence or absence of abnormal scars, like keloids or hypertrophic scars.

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a type of zinc-dependent enzymes, which degrade several components of the extracellular skin matrix in both healthy and diseased tissue. The skin matrix is a framework that holds the skin together and consists mainly of interlaced polymers such as collagen and elastin. The skin matrix is responsible for the skin's mechanical abilities, including firmness and elasticity. The weaker and less regulated the matrix, the more wrinkles, roughness, and sag one tends to acquire over time. Whenever skin is injured, disfigured or worn out, the skin matrix is eliminated by the MMP enzymes, and then recreated by fibroblasts. Therefore, MMP enzymes play a crucial role in skin physiology.

At-Home Solutions to Skin Care Concerns

The latest approach to skin care is maintaining a healthy equilibrium of these enzymes.

In normal, youthful skin, the synthesis and degradation of the matrix have achieved a certain equilibrium; a flawed or redundant matrix is degraded, while deficit qualities are restored by the ongoing synthesis. Unfortunately, this intricate balance gets disrupted during the aging process - too little of the matrix is produced and too much is degraded. MMP levels rise exaggeratedly the older one gets.

Scientific investigation indicates that a reversal of MMP levels to regular youthful levels in aged sufferers is an efficient way to eliminate the flawed matrix and preserve the healthy one. For this reason, the use of MMP inhibitors in the format of chemicals drugs, cosmetic solutions, and lifestyle changes is the latest cure for skin care concerns. At home, natural remedies for acne and other skin problems are effective, daily treatments that improve the skin's condition over time.